Оценка на икономическите и екологичните резултати от прилагането на устойчиви земеделски практики в България
Даниел Петров
, Антон Митов
Резюме: Целта на това проучване е да се оцени приемането и ефективността на устойчиви земеделски практики сред българските ферми и да се оценят техните икономически и екологични резултати, както чрез количествени данни от проучване, така и чрез подробно анализиране на конкретен случай. Въз основа на отговорите на 96 ферми в шестте региона на NUTS–2 в България, проучването идентифицира прецизното земеделие, инхибираното азотно торене и биологичното земеделие като най-широко прилаганите устойчиви практики. Резултатите показват, че прецизното земеделие е възприето от 42% от фермите и е оценено с най-висока икономическа ефективност, докато инхибираното торене (35%) демонстрира силна ефективност на използване на азот (NUE) и рентабилност. Въпреки че са по-слабо разпространени (16%), покривните култури са високо ценени заради положителното им въздействие върху здравето на почвата и дългосрочната устойчивост.
Проучване на конкретна ферма с площ от 116 хектара в Югоизточна България допълнително потвърждава тези открития. Комбинираното прилагане на инхибирано торене, прецизно управление на вложенията и покривни култури води до 7,2% увеличение на добивите, 9 – 12% намаление на разходите за вложения и 15 – 23% подобрение на рентабилността. От екологична гледна точка практиките допринасят за
увеличаване на органичната материя в почвата с над 0,3%, подобрено задържане на вода и естествено фиксиране на азот.
Резултатите подчертават потенциала на устойчивите практики не само за подобряване на ефективността на ниво ферма, но и за подкрепа на по-широка агроекологична устойчивост. Системните бариери като например ограничен достъп до финансиране и технически капацитет, обаче, трябва да бъдат преодолени.
Това изследване подчертава необходимостта от стратегическа политическа подкрепа и институционално съгласуване, за да се улесни ефективен преход към устойчиво земеделие в съответствие с Европейския зелен пакт.
Ключови думи: агроекологичен преход; покривни култури; азотна ефективност; прецизно земеделие; устойчиво земеделие
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| Дата на публикуване: 2025-06-30
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